Scientific name: Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Family: Meliaceae
Local name: Neem, নীম
Introduction
is a tree native to the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia. It belongs to the Meliaceae family and is renowned for its diverse ethnobotanical uses, particularly in traditional medicine and agriculture. In Assam, this plant is planted in roadside, home backyard, or in open places. It is considered as economically important plants by village people and its various parts are used for medicinal and others purposes.
Use as traditional medicine
Neem has a long history of use in traditional medicine across various cultures. In India and Bali, it is utilized for treating a wide range of ailments:
- Diabetes: Both Balinese and Indian communities use neem leaves to manage diabetes, highlighting its significance in managing blood sugar levels.
- Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neem leaves are employed to alleviate conditions such as constipation, ulcers, and general digestive issues due to their anti-inflammatory properties.
- Skin Conditions: The antiseptic and antibacterial properties of neem make it effective against skin diseases, acne, and infections. It is often used in topical applications to promote wound healing and skin health.
- Dental Health: Neem is traditionally used for oral hygiene, with leaves and twigs serving as natural toothbrushes to prevent dental issues and promote gum health.
- Fever and Malaria: In the Indian subcontinent, neem is also used to treat fevers, including those associated with malaria, due to its antipyretic properties.
Phytochemical Properties
Neem contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including azadirachtin, which is primarily responsible for its insecticidal properties. Other significant compounds include.