SYLLABUS FOR HIGHER SECONDARY FIRSTYEAR COURSE
COURSE STRUCTURE
One Paper (Theory) Time : Three hours Marks : 70
Unit: I DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD
Chapter-1 The Living World
Biodiversity: Classification of living organisms, Taxonomy and Systemtics, Taxonomic Categories (From species to kingdom) Biological classification, Binomial nomenclature (Brief idea)
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five Kingdom classification, Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi into major groups; lichens, viruses, viroid and prions.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Classification of plants into major groups, salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and preliminary idea of Angiosperms.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Basis of classification. Salient features and classification of animals, Non-chordates upto phyla level and chordates upto class level (salient features and a few examples of each category) (No live animals or specimens should be displayed)
Unit-II : STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Chapter-5 Morphology of flowering Plants
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants- root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family solanaceae
Chapter-6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Types of tissues; Tissue Systems in dicots and monocots, Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous plants.
Chapter-7 Structural Organisation in Animals
Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Nervous and Reproductive) of frog.
Unit-III: CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Chapter-8 Cell: The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells: Plant cell and animal cell: Cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall. Structure and function of endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrosome and centrioles (ultra structure and function): nucleus and its ultrastractures.
Chapter-9 Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: bionolecules ,structure and functions of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids. Enzymes-Types,Properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of enzymes.
Chapter-10 : Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell Cycle. Mitosis and Meiosis – their phases and their significance.
Unit-IV: PANT PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter -11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Early experiments relating to photosynthesis. Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition: Site of photosynthesis ,Pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea) ,Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmotic
hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways, factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter -12 Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration: Glycolysis, Fermentation ,(anaerobic), TCA Cycle and Electron transport system (aerobic ), Energy relations – Number of ATP molecules generated, anphibolic pathway, respiratory quotient.
Chapter -13 Plant Growth and Development
Phases of Plant Growth and Plant Growth rate ,conditions required for growth ,differentiation, dedifferentiation and re-differentiation. Sequence of developmental process in a plants cell Plant, Growth regulators-Auxin, Gibberelins, Cytokinins. Eltylene , ABA.
Unit-V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter-14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animal (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume, disorders related to respiration- Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory
disorders.
Chapter-15: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood; blood groups; coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system- structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory systemhypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-16: Excretory Products and their elimination
Modes of Excretion- ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and function-urine formation, osmoregulation, regulation of kidney function-renin angiotensin, mechanism, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion: excretory disorder-uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis, dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.
Chapter-17: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement-ciliary, flagellar, muscular, skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and mechanism of muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints, disorders of muscular and skeletal systems- myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-18: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and Nerves; Nervous system in human-Central nervous system; Peripheral nervous system and Visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve inpulse.
Chapter-19: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system- Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pincal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads. Mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea), role of hormonesas messengers and regulators, hypo and hyperactivity and related disorders, dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalanic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease Note: (Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief)
SYLLABUS FOR BOTANY PRACTICAL
Marks – 15
1. Study parts of compound microscope.
2. Study of the specimens and identification with reasons- Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, Mushroom, Yeast, Liverwort, Moss, Fern, Pinus; one monocotyledon, one dicotyledon and one lichen.
3. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant cells (e.g. palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem) through temporary/permanent slides.
4. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells (permanent slides).
5. Study of different modifications in root, stem and leaves.
6. Study and identify different types of inflorescences.(Racemose and Cymose)
7. Study and describe three common flowering plants (Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Liliaceae).
8. Preparation and study of L .S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (normal).
9. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
10. Study of imbibition in seeds/raisins
11. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
12. Observation and comments on the experimental set up on :
(a) Moll’s half leaf experiment
(b) Suction due to transpiration
SYLLABUS FOR ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL
Marks – 15
1. Study of specimens and identification with reasons with the help of preserved samples/virtual samples/slides/models- Amoeba, Hydra, Liverfluke, Ascaris, Leech, Earthworm, Prawn, Silk worm, Honeybee, Snail, Starfish, Shark, Rohu, Frog, House Lizard, Pigeon and Rabbit.
2. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of animal cells (e.g. squamous epithlium, muscle fibres and mammalian blood cells from blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.
3. Study of external morphology of earthworm, cockroach and frog through models/Virtual Specimens.
4. Test for the presence of sugar and starch, proteins in suitable biological materials.
5. Study effect of different temperature upon salivary gland amylase on starch.
6. To test the presence of urea in urine.
7. To detect the presence of sugar in urine / blood sample.
8. To detect the presence of albumin in urine.
9. To study human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of virtual images/ models only.